THE QUALITY OF MERCY - Portia's argument in "The Merchant of Venice"

 THE QUALITY OF MERCY

William Shakespeare is one of the most important English-language writers.The quality of mercy is not strained” is said to be one of the greatest quotes from his play “The Merchant of Venice.” In the play, a Jewish moneylender, Shylock provides a large loan to Antonio who was unable to pay off the debt. To defend Antonio’s concern, Portia (disguised as a lawyer) makes this speech begging Shylock for mercy.

Portia begins her speech by arguing that the quality of mercy is not something to be achieved by strain or struggle. It is so gentle like rain which comes from the sky (heaven). Mercy has two benefits. It blesses both the giver and the receiver. Mercy is therefore very powerful even among those who are powerful. If shown by a king, mercy becomes more powerful than even his crown. 

A king's ornamental rod (sceptre) symbolising power indicates that the power of the king is bound by Time. The king's power shows the world what fear is and what majesty is. But mercy is far above the characteristics of kingly power. Mercy has its seat in the king's heart. It is a blessing even to God himself. The early power of the king shows itself as God's power when mercy shapes justice.

Portia tells the Jew Shylock that though his demand is justice, he should consider this aspect of mercy to be blended with justice. If justice is allowed in its own direction, then no one can experience remedy (salvation). What we should want is mercy and the acts of mercy or kindness. 

Portia says that she has spoken much to make less serious Shylock's demand for justice. If Shylock follows bare justice, then the strict court of Venice must give judgement against the merchant Antonio.Thus Portia's argument highlight mercy as the greatest virtue of all.

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